Impact of DEM source and resolution on topographic seismic amplification

The impact of topographic attributes on the uneven distribution of seismic response and associated devastation has frequently been observed and documented during seismic events, but has rarely been investigated at a regional scale. Existing numerical and experimental techniques applied to explore the impact of topographic attributes in the aggravation of seismic response, have been limited to isolated and/or synthetic hills and ridges. Predicting the realistic regional impact of topographic seismic response is strongly dependent on the resolution and accuracy of regional topographic information. This study evaluates the topographic attributes and seismic parameters computed frommulti-resolution and source DEMs, to investigate the impact of data source and resolution on the derived topographic seismic response. Methodologies are developed to readily derive the spatial distribution of relevant topographic attributes and seismic parameters, utilizing the multi-resolution and source DEMs. The impact of DEM 30 source and resolution on slope gradient, relative height of terrain and shear wave velocity (VS ) are addressed. It is observed that, even though, relatively coarse resolution DEMs underestimate the critical sites of steep slope gradient and the lower V30 S zones, this has limited impact on the derived normalized topographic aggravation factor. The freeandeasily accessibleDEMsprovideanopportunity for reasonable prediction of topographic seismic response, especially in near-real time. The slope gradient is observed to be the most sensitive topographic attribute to amplified seismic response, followed by the relative